Justice and Divine Allocation in Al-Anfal: A Comparative Study of Quranic Principles on Spoils and War Conduct

Abstract

This study explores the themes of justice and divine allocation as articulated in Surah Al-Anfal, focusing on Quranic principles regarding spoils of war and ethical conduct during conflict. Analyzing the text of Al-Anfal in conjunction with other relevant Quranic verses and historical narratives, the research delineates the criteria set by the Quran for the equitable distribution of war gains and the moral imperatives governing warfare. This comparative study further contextualizes these principles within broader Islamic teachings and historical practices, examining how they reflect the overarching divine justice that permeates Islamic jurisprudence. The findings highlight the Quran's emphasis on ethical considerations, including the welfare of the community, the treatment of enemies, and the importance of intention behind actions. Through a detailed examination of key verses, the research illuminates how Al-Anfal serves as a critical framework for understanding the Islamic perspective on warfare, contrasting these principles with contemporary interpretations and practices. By situating Al-Anfal within the broader discourse on justice in Islam, this study contributes to ongoing scholarly discussions about the application of Quranic teachings in modern contexts, emphasizing the relevance of divine allocation in promoting justice amidst conflict. The implications of these findings extend to contemporary debates on ethical warfare, humanitarian intervention, and the moral responsibilities of states and individuals in times of conflict.

Keywords-Justice, Divine Allocation, Al-Anfal, Quranic Principles, Spoils of War, War Conduct, Ethical Warfare, Islamic Jurisprudence, Community Welfare, Moral Imperatives, Conflict Resolution, Contemporary Interpretations.